Implications

Cosmic expansion

IE predicts a transient acceleration driven by the evolution of energy iterations, with late-time behaviour differing from a rigid Λ. This affects distance measures and growth.

Early universe (no inflaton)

High iteration rates in IE provide an alternative route to early expansion without an inflaton field, suggesting different expectations for relics and initial conditions.

Observational footprints

• SN Ia: distinct μ(z) curvature at intermediate z.
• BAO: mild shifts in inferred acoustic scale if analyzed under IE dynamics.
• CMB: consistency relations sensitive to effective dark-energy decay.

Conceptual foundations

Time as emergent; energy flow as primary. This reframes standard assumptions and opens connections to quantum remnants and black-hole phenomenology (work in progress).